Hello,
When adding security information, you can register only one phone number.
So if the option to add a phone number does not appear, you will need to add a newly created email address or add an authentication app such as Microsoft Authenticator.
Microsoft account security info & verification codes
Also, if you delete all of your old security information before adding new ones, a 30‑day waiting period will be triggered.
What does “Security info change is still pending” mean?