Hello,
You can log into your main Microsoft account without any issues but still get that 0x80048823 error on your apps, so you are likely dealing with corrupted or outdated login tokens stuck in your Windows cache.
To fix this you just need to clear out those old saved credentials manually. Press the Windows key on your keyboard, type Credential Manager, and press Enter to open it. Click on the Windows Credentials section. You will want to look through the list provided and remove anything that mentions MicrosoftAccount, Outlook, Office15, Office16, Xbox, or WindowsLive. Keep expanding them and clicking Remove until they are all completely cleared out.
Once that is done, reboot your PC and open your Outlook or 365 app to sign in. The software will have nothing cached and will be forced to generate a completely clean login token from scratch.