Since your Right-click works, we can use that to fix the Left-click without needing a hard reboot.
Method 1: Restart the "Windows Explorer" Process.
Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager. In the "Processes" tab, look for Windows Explorer (it usually has a yellow folder icon). Right-click it and select Restart. The screen will flash black/blank for a few seconds. This is normal. Once the taskbar reappears, try clicking the Start button again.
Method 2: Re-register the Start Menu (The Permanent Fix)
If Method 1 didn't work, the AppX package that runs the Start Menu is likely corrupted. We can force Windows to reinstall it using PowerShell. Right-click the Start button (since that still works) and select Terminal (Admin) or Windows PowerShell (Admin). Paste the following command exactly as written and press Enter:
Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers Microsoft.Windows.ShellExperienceHost | Foreach {Add-AppxPackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register "$($_.InstallLocation)\AppXManifest.xml"}
You might see some red text or deployment progression bars. Ignore them. Once the prompt returns, copy and paste this second command to fix the internal "Start Menu Experience":
Get-AppxPackage Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost | Foreach {Add-AppxPackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register "$($_.InstallLocation)\AppXManifest.xml"}
Restart your computer.
Method 3: Fix the "Search" Service Loop
Sometimes the Start Menu fails to open because the Search bar next to it is crashing in a loop.
Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc (Task Manager). Go to the Details tab. Look for SearchHost.exe.
Right-click it and select End Task. Windows will immediately restart it automatically. Try clicking Start immediately after.
I hope you've found something useful here. If it helps you get more insight into the issue, it's appreciated to ACCEPT ANSWER. Should you have more questions, feel free to leave a message. Have a nice day!
VPHAN