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In this context, you can try the following approach to see if you can hide the navigation pane in an On-premises environment.
Initially, please make sure disable "SharePoint Server Publishing Infrastructure" feature and "SharePoint Server Publishing" feature with the instructions HERE
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Next one, you have to navigating to Site Settings page >> click on (Look and Feel) Navigation Elements.
Then Un-check "Enable Quick Launch" option and Save
You can read here for more insight:
https://github.com/SharePoint/sp-dev-docs/issues/7600
Hope my answer will help you, for any further concern, kindly let me know in the comment section.
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