Microsoft released firmware updates in July 2024 that specifically addressed color distortion problems when waking from sleep or rebooting with HDR enabled.
Additionally, a September 2024 firmware update addressed image distortion after waking from sleep model.
Run Windows Update to make sure you have the latest system updates.
Specifically check for Surface firmware and driver updates.
Go to Settings → Display → Use HDR. Try disabling this to see if it prevents the color distortion on restart.
Update your Dock 2 firmware: Download the latest drivers/firmware for Surface Dock 2 from Microsoft's download center.